Means for applying brakes to vehicle and other wheels.



No. 798,891. PATENTED SEPT. 5, 1905. G. EISENKRAMBR. MEANS FOR APPLYINGBRAKES TO VEHICLE AND OTHER WHEELS.

APPLIGATION FILED MAYG, 1905.

5 SHEBTS$HEET 1.

PATBNTED SEPT. 5, 1905.

No. 798,89l.

G. EISENKRAMBR. MEANS FOR APPLYING BRAKES T0 VEHICLE AND OTHER WHEELS.

APPLICATION EILED MAY 6. 1906.

5 SHEETFSHEET 2.

No.798,891. PATBNTED SEPT. 5, 1905.

G. EISENKRAMER.

MEANS FOR APPLYING BRAKES T0 VEHICLE AND OTHER WHEELS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1905.

N0. 799,991. PATENTED SEPT. 5, 1905. G. EISENKRAMER. MEANS FOR APPLYINGBRAKES T0 VEHICLE AND OTHER WHEELS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 8, 1905.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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No. 798,891. PATENTED SEPT. 5, 1905. G. EISBNKRAMER. MEANS FOR APPLYINGBRAKES T0 VEHICLE AND OTHER WHEELS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1905.

GUSTAV EISEN KRAMER, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

MEANS FOR APPLYING BRAKES TO VEHICLE AND OTHER WHEELS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. Sept. 5, 1905.

Application filed May 6, 1905. Serial F0. 259,215.

To 117/, whom it may co/mm-u:

Be it known that I, GUSTAV EISENKRAMER, a citizen of the United States,residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State ofCalifornia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Meansfor Applying Brakes to Vehicle and other Wheels, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in brakes especially adapted forvehicle-wheels. the object of the invention being to provide a brakewith which the force applied to set the brake is derived from themovement of the wheel itself instead of requiring external power forthat purpose, said force thus continuing in action so long as the wheelis revolving. The advantages of this construction are that it requiresfar less exertion on the part of the operator to set the brake and alsothat it is more effective and certain in its action. Brakes operated byany other external power, as air-brakes, hand-brakes, magnetic brakes,or the like, may occasionally become ineffective through the deficiencyof the power for applying the brake. In the present invention this isimpossible, for the power for applying the power being the movement ofthe wheel itself so long as the wheel is in motion the power necessaryfor braking exists and can be applied therefor.

The invention also comprises means for preventing sliding of the wheelupon the rail in damp weather.

It also consists in the novel construction, combination, and arrangementof parts hereinafter fully specified, and particularly pointed out inthe claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portionof a car equipped with my improved brakes. Fig. 2 is a broken planviewof the same. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section on the line 3 3of Fig. 2. Fig. A is a broken detail plan view, on an enlarged scale, ofthe longitudinal rod for applying the brake. Fig. 5 is a detail sideelevation showing the connection for use with an electric car, so thatthe locking devices at both ends of the car may be operated at the sametime. Fig. 6 is a broken plan view showing the invention applied to acar having brake-beams between the wheels. Fig. 7 is a similar viewshowing the invention applied to a car having brake-beams outside thewheels. Fig. 8

Fig. T.

friction-wheels and the shaft carrying the same. Fig. 11) is a side viewof one of the friction-wheels. Fig. 11 is an edge view of the same. Fig.12 is a perspective view of a cap for a brake-shoe. Fig. 13 is avertical cross-sectional view of a cab of a locomotive, showing theapparatus mounted therein. Fig. 1A is a similar view showing amodification of the means for applying the brake. Fig. 15 is alongitudinal section of the frame and wheels of an automobile, showingthe means for applying the brake to the wheels thereof. Fig. 16 is aplan view of the same. Fig. 17 is an enlarged vertical section on theline C C of Fig. 15.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the body of a car, and 2represents the truckframes upon which said car is mounted by springs 3.

t represents the wheels mounted on shafts 5, journaled in the trucks.

Upon a transverse shaft 6 secured to the truck is mounted an eccentricT, the collar 8 of which is attached by links 9 to brake-shoes 10, whichengage the wheels of the truck, and by a link 11 to a shoe 12, whichengages the rail.

13 is a rod which enters recesses in the two brake-shoes and maintainsthem in the proper relative position. To move the eccentrics so as toapply the brake-shoes, said eccentrics are attached to rods H, securedto arms 15 on a rock-shaft 16, pivoted in hangers 17, said shaftcarrying an arm 18, attached to a rope or cable 19, which is woundaround a drum 20 upon a transverse shaft 21. This transverse shaft hasat each end a friction-wheel 22, having a roughened surface 23, adaptedto engage the side of the car-wheel when the shaft 21 is movedlongitudinally of itself or transversely of the car. In order to so movesaid shaft longitudinally, there is provided a cam 24 upon alongitudinal shaft 25, said cam working between collars 26 upon thetransverse shaft 21. Thus by rocking said longi tudinal shaft 25 aboutits own axis in either direction the cam engages one or the other ofsaid collars and moves the transverse shaft endwise, thereby bringingone of the frictionwheels 22 into engagement with the car-wheel. Theshaft 25 may be rocked about its own axis by any suitable means. I havehere shown a beveled wheel 27 on said shaft engaged by a beveled wheel28 on a vertical shaft 29, extending through the end of the car andcarrying at its upper end a hand-wheel 30. By turning said hand-wheelthe vertical shaft, and also the longitudinal shaft 25, are turned, andthus the transverse shaft 21 is moved endwise, bringing one of thefriction-wheels against a car-wheel. The effect of this is to cause thefriction-wheel to rotate so long as the carwheel itself is in motion.This winds up the rope or cable 19, attached to the arm 18, and therebythrough the rods 14 operates the eccentrics to set all the brake-shoes.It will thus be seen that I utilize the motion of the wheels themselvesto apply the brakes thereto. The only exertion made by the brakeman isto shift the friction-wheels laterally, and he does not apply any of thebraking force, this braking force being applied wholly by the momentumof the car exerted through the motion of the car-wheels.

It will be seen from Fig. 4 that the shaft 25, which so shifts thesefriction-wheels laterally, is jointed, as shown at 32, therebypermitting said shaft to bend with the motion of the car in travelingaround curves.

It is desirable to provide means whereby when the brake has once beenset it can remain set without the attention of the operator. For thispurpose there is attached to the end of the arm 180 a rod 33, which issecured to the lower end of a rocking lever 34, having a spring-actuateddog 35, engaging a circular rack 36. WVhen the arm 18 is moved to setthe brake, it will remain in such position on account of the engagementof the dog with the rack. By disengaging the dog by hand the brake canbe released. In Fig. 5 is shown provision whereby this locking-lever maybe simultaneously set at both ends of the car. In this case two rods 33are provided running from the ends of two arms 180 38 to lockingleversat opposite ends of the car.

In the modification shown in Fig. 6 the brake-shoes are shown asattached to brakebeams 39, and in the modification shown in Figs. 7, 8these brake beams andshoes are shown outside the wheels and are operatedby rods 40 41, the rods 40 being attached to the lower ends of the arms44 and the rods 41 being attached to the lower ends of levers 42, theupper ends of which are attached bylinks 43 to said arms 44.

When rails are neither dry nor thoroughly wet, they are in an extremelyslippery condition, and under such circumstances the Wheels do not takesufficient hold upon the rails. One feature of my invention consists ina provision whereby at such times water can be applied to the rails tothoroughly wet the same, so that the wheels will hold thereon and enablethe ear to ascend steep grades. For this means there are provided, asshown in Figs. 1 and 2, water-pipes 50, which pass above the wheels ofthe trucks on both sides and are connected by pipes 51 to a supply-pipe52. These water-pipes discharge by means of vertical pipes 53 at pointsover or adjacent to the rails, thus thoroughly wetting the rails andenabling the wheels to take hold of the same.

In connection with this inventionIprovide an improved brake-shoe 10, theimprovement consisting of a removable face-plate 55, which can besecured to the face of the shoe by screws through holes 56.

In Fig.13 is illustrated means whereby the brakes can be secured upon alocomotive, and in such manner that in case of accident when it isnecessary for theengineer and fireman to jump from the locomotive tosave their lives they may immediately before doing so set the brakes tostop the train. For this purpose at each side of the cab of thelocomotive there is secured a vertical shaft 61, carrying at the top ahand-wheel 62 and at the bottom a bevel-gear 63, meshing with abevelgear 64 on a horizontal shaft 65, carrying at the other end abevel-gear 66. These two bevel-gear 66 mesh with a bevel-gear 67 upon avertical shaft 68, having at the bottom a bevel-gear 69, meshing with abevel-gear 70 on a horizontal shaft 71, which acts in like manner as theshaft 25. (Shown in Figs. 1 and 2.) Thus either the engineer or thefireman is in position immediately after setting the brake to jump fromthe cab of the locomotive in case of accident.

In Fig. 14 is shown a modification in which this rod for setting thebrake is turned by the action of steam. In this case there is providedbeneath the cab of the locomotive a cylinder 73, having a piston 74therein, and a piston-rod 75, carrying at its outer end a rack 76, whichengages a pinion 77 upon the shaft 25, which sets the brake. In order toadmit steam to this cylinder from either side of the cab, two sets ofpipes are provided, leading to each side of the cab, those, 78, to oneside to be controlled by the engineer, and those leading to the otherside, 79, to be controlled by the fireman, both pipes having suitablevalves 80 therein. The piston 74 having moved over toward either end toset the brake, the steam for impelling said piston is then allowed toescape through a hole 81 in the side of the cylinder.

Figs. 15, 16, and 17 show the mode in which the brake is applied to anautomobile. In this case there isprovided a pair of frictionwheels inlike manner as before, one or other of which is brought into engagementwith the driving-wheel on that side by the same means as before, beingactuated by a shaft 82, which is turned about its axis by means of apinion 83, rotated by means of a rack 84, carried by a vertical shaft85, extending through the body of the automobile. Upon raising orlowering said vertical shaft the shaft 82 is turned, thereby setting thebrakes.

In addition to the advantages already specified in the statement ofinvention the following a .lvantages may be noted: Although thebrake-beams are shown in certain modifications of my invention, yet ingeneral they may be dispensed with. I also do away with an extra set ofmachinery to press the trackbrakes onto the track or to release the samefrom the track. The wheel and track brakes, are simultaneously pressedagainst the wheels and track, and the effect of the track-brake intending to stop the car or cars reduces the amount of pressure necessaryto be applied to the wheel-ln'akes, so that said brakes, not beingsubjected to so severe usage as heretofore, will lastlonger. Theapplication of water enables the wheels to grip the track and preventsthem sliding along when the brakes are applied. All brakes are set atexactly the same time whether on one car or any number.

I claim 1. In a braking apparatus, the combination, with the brakes, ofa transverse shaft, a friction -whcel thereon arranged to be moved intocontactwith a wheel of the vehicle to be arrested, a drum on said shaft,a rope around said drum, an operative connection between said rope andthe brakes whereby the winding of the rope upon the drum sets thebrakes, and means for moving the shaft longitudinally to so move saidfriction-wheel, substantially as described.

2. In a braking apparatus, the combination, with the brakes, of atransverse shaft, a friction-wheel thereon arranged to be moved intocontact with a wheel of the vehicle to be arrested, a drum on saidshaft, a rope around said drum, an operative connection between saidrope and the brakes whereby the winding of the rope upon the drum setsthe brakes, means for moving the shaft longitudinally to so move saidfriction-wheel, and automatic means for locking the brakes so set,substantially as described.

3. In a braking apparatus, the combination with the brakes, of a shaft,a pair of frictionwheels thereon, means for moving said shaftlongitudinally whereby one or the other of said friction-wheels isbrought into contact with a wheel to be arrested, and an operativeconnection between said shaft and the brakes whereby they are set by themotion of said friction-wheels, substantially as described.

I. In a braking apparatus, the combination with the brakes, of atransverse shaft, a pair of friction-wheels thereon, means formovingsaid shaft longitudinally comprising collars on said shaft, an eccentricbetween said collars and a longitudinal shaft whereupon said eccentricis mounted, a drum on said shaft and a connection from said drum to thebrakes whereby the rotation of said shaft sets said brakes,substantially as described.

5. In a braking apparatus, the combination with the brakes, of atransverse shaft, a pair of friction-wheels thereon, means for movingsaid shaft longitudinally comprising collars on said shaft, an eccentricbetween said collars and a longitudinal shaft upon which said eccentricis mounted. a drum on said shaft, a connection from said drum to thebrake whereby the rotation of said shaft sets said brakes, and automaticmeans for locking the brakes so set, substantially as described.

6. In a braking apparatus, the combination with the brakes, of atransverse shaft, a pair of friction-wheels thereon, means for movingsaid shaft longitiulinally comprisingcollars on said shaft, an eccentricbetween said collars and a longitudinal shaft upon which said eccentricis mounted, a drum on said shaft and a connection from said drum to thebrake whereby the rotation of said shaft sets said brakes,automaticmeans for locking the brakes so set, and means for releasing saidautomatic means from either end of the ear, substantially as described.

7. In a braking apparatus, the combination with the brakes, of atransverse shaft, a pair of friction-wheels thereon, means for movingsaid shaft longitiulinally comprising collars on said shaft, aneccentric between said collars and a longitudinal shaft upon which saideccentric is mounted, a drum on said shaft, a connection from said drumtothe brake whereby the rotation of said shaft sets the brakes, andmeans for setting said brakes from either side of a locomotive-cab,substantially as described.

8. In a braking apparatus, the combination with the brakes, of atransverse shaft, a pair of friction-wheels thereon, means for movingsaid shaft longitiulinally comprising collars on said shaft, aneccentric between said collars and a longitudinal shaft upon which saideccentric is mounted, a drum on said shaft, a connection from said drumto the brake whereby the rotation of said shaft sets said brakes, andmeans for applying steam to so set said brakes, substantially asdescribed.

9. In a braking apparatus, the combination with the brakes, of atransverse shaft, a pair of friction-wheels thereon, means for movingsaid shaft longitudinally comprising collars on said shaft, an eccentricbetween said collars and a longitudinal shaft upon which said eccentricis mounted, a drum on said shaft, a connection from said drum to thebrake whereby the rotation of said shaft sets said brakes, and meanslocated at each side of a locomotive-cab for applying steam to set saidbrakes, substantially as described.

10. Ina braking apparatus the combination with the brakes, of means forapplying the brakes comprising mechanism for bringing the faces of thebrakes up to the wheels or track, and mechanism for holding said brakesin such position comprising a friction device adapted to derive itsmotion from the motion of the wheels and means for bringing saidfriction device into position to so derive its motion, and means forapplying Water to the track to cause the brakes to hold, Substantiallyas described.

11. In abraking apparatus, the combination of a pair of Wheel-brakeshoes, a track-brake shoe, an eccentric, a collar on said eccentric,links connecting said shoes With said collar, a rod attached to saideccentric for revolving the same to set the brakes, a transverse shaft,an arm thereon attached to said rod, a drum, a shaft therefor, a ropearound said drum, an arm on the transverse shaft attached to said rope,a friction-Wheel on the drum-shaft arranged to be brought into contactWith a Wheel of the vehicle to be braked, and means for so moving saidfriction-Wheel into contact to revolve the drum to set the brakes,substantially as described.

12. In abraking apparatus, the combination of a pair of Wheel-brakeshoes, a rod engaging recesses in said shoes for maintaining them in theproper relative position, a track-brake shoe, an eccentric, a collar onsaid eccentric,

links connecting said shoes with said collar, a rod attached to saideccentric for revolving the same to set the brakes, a transverse shaft,an arm thereon attached to said rod, a drum, a shaft therefor, aropearound said drum, an arm on the transverse shaft attached to saidrope, a friction-Wheel on the drum-shaft ar-' DESSBS.

GUSTAV EISENKRAMER. lNitnesses:

T. GASTBERG, BEssIE GORFINKEL.

